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Your Guide to Working in the
Professions and Trades in Ontario
Contents
About the Guide
Purpose of the Guide
How to Use the Guide
Words You Should Know
"Find a Service" Boxes
Telephone and Walk-in Support
Access to Computers and the Internet
Before You Arrive in Ontario
How the Professions and Trades Work in
Ontario
Regulatory and Licencing Bodies
Your First Steps
Get Your Credentials Assessed
Learn English
Your First Canadian Job
Job Search Tools
Employment Programs for Newcomers
Other Employment Programs
Get the Job You Want
Labour Market Information
Company Research
Networking
Professional
and Trade Associations
Mentors
Volunteering
Education and Training
Financial Assistance
Words You Should Know
About the Guide
This guide was prepared by Findhelp Information Services
with funding from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges
and Universities.
Copyright © 2003 The Queen's Printer
This guide may be downloaded and photocopied for free distribution.
Reproduction for any other use is prohibited without written
permission from the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities.
Care has been taken to ensure that the information in this
guide is accurate and up to date. If you are aware of any
errors, please contact us at:
Findhelp Information Services
425 Adelaide St W, 2nd Fl
Toronto, ON M5V 3C1
Tel: (416) 392-4567 • Fax: (416) 392-4404 • E-mail: updatedesk@cominfoto.org
Findhelp is a nonprofit community organization, funded by the
United Way of Greater Toronto and the City of Toronto. Findhelp
operates the first 211 telephone service in Canada - a free,
confidential, multilingual information line that connects
callers to community, social, health and government services
in Toronto, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The service also
has a companion web site at 211Toronto.ca.
For more information about 211 and its development across
Canada, visit 211.ca.
Findhelp Information Services would like to thank the following
for their expert advice in developing this guide:
www.settlement.org. www.settlement.org,
a project of the Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants
(OCASI), helps immigrants and refugees find the information
they need to start a new life in Ontario. Newcomers can find
articles, guides, and links to useful web sites and community
organizations that serve newcomers online at www.settlement.org.
YMCA Newcomer Information Centre (NIC). (www.ymcatoronto.org)
The YMCA NIC is an information and referral resource centre
where newcomers can receive in-person assistance in finding
specific settlement information in the GTA. NIC staff members
speak over 21 languages. The centre is located at 42 Charles
St. East, 3rd floor, Toronto. NIC offers extended hours of
service (Mon-Thu 9 am-8 pm, Fri 9-2, Sat 10-2) and no appointment
is necessary.
Ontario Network of Internationally Trained Professionals
Online (www.onip.ca).
ONIP.online is the place where professionals new to Ontario
can find articles on licencing, employment options and
sector-specific terminology relevant to their field. They
can also attend online workshops and discussion groups,
and join a mentoring program for newcomers. ONIP.online
is a project of Skills for Change funded by Volunteer@ction.online
and The Ontario Trillium Foundation.
Possibilities Virtual Employment Resource Centre (www.poss.ca).
Newcomers can find information about employment, education,
and training at Toronto's virtual Employment Resource Centre.
Possibilities is for Toronto job seekers and provides free
access to job boards, monthly articles, news and events,
community resources, and career advice.
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Purpose of the
Guide
If you have international training and are looking for work
in a profession or trade in Ontario, this guide is for you.
The guide can help you find out if there are special requirements
for working in your profession or trade in Ontario. It also
introduces you to the Canadian job search, including the
tools and techniques that you will need to be successful.
Most importantly, this guide tells you about free or low-cost
community and government services that can help you to find
work - and it shows you how to find those services in your
area.
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How to Use
the Guide
These features can help you make the most of the guide:
Words You Should Know
Throughout the guide you will see certain words or phrases
you may not know but will be important to your job search.
All words you should know are defined at the end of the guide. Use
the list of definitions at the end of the guide to build
your job search vocabulary.
"Find a Service" Boxes
You will also see "Find a Service" boxes. Each
box has a different type of community or government service. If
you are reading this guide online, you can click on the name
of each service to see which organizations or programs in
your area offer that service. If you are reading
a printed version of the guide, you will find contact information
for organizations that can help you find these services at
the end of the guide.
Telephone and Walk-in
Support
Perhaps the first place you will go for help is to a local
settlement service for newcomers. These organizations help
newly arrived immigrants and refugees settle in Canada. They
can give you an orientation to your new community and guidance
and support to access government and community services.
Settlement services provide information on social services,
schools, health care, housing, and recreational facilities;
assist in completing forms; arrange for interpreters and
translators; help with résumé preparation and
assist in the initial stages of employment counselling; provide
information about English as a Second Language training.
Most agencies have services in different languages.
Another common first stop for newcomers is a Newcomer Information
Centre (NIC). In Toronto, Brampton and Mississauga, you can
visit a NIC to find specific programs and services to meet
your settlement needs. These services include information
on language courses, education and useful web sites. All
NIC centres have extended hours of service and provide information
in different languages. These centres also provide free access
to computers, the Internet, telephones, and fax machines.
See the end of the guide for contact information.
Community Information Centres can help you with contact
information for community and government services in cities
across Ontario. If you cannot find a service to help you,
you can call or go to these centres and ask for advice. Calls
are free and confidential, and service may be available in
different languages. See the end of the guide for contact
information. In Toronto, all you need to do is dial 211 on
your phone.
Access to Computers
and the Internet
Community and Newcomer Information Centres and most public
libraries provide free or low-cost access to computers and
the Internet. For your job search you can also use computers
and the Internet at Employment Resource Centres (ERCs). ERCs
provide assistance for people looking for jobs, career direction
or starting their own business.
Your local public library may also be able to assist you
in finding appropriate services or information about employment
opportunities in your community. You can find job search
material, business directories, and information about local
companies in your library.
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Before You
Arrive in Ontario
If you are reading this guide before arriving in Ontario
- and even if you already live here - the first thing you
need to do is find out what the requirements are for working
in your profession or trade. When you come to Ontario, it
is important to bring with you the originals of any certificates,
degrees, licences and references you obtained in another
country.
Your international qualifications may not be accepted in
Ontario, and you may need to get further training or take
exams in order to re-qualify. One of your first steps will
be to find out how your qualifications compare with standards
in Ontario and, sometimes, Canada.
It is hard to get a job in Ontario before you arrive, but
that does not mean you should not start looking. Reading
job ads and labour market information will help you find
out what employers are looking for in people working in your
profession or trade. You should also look for information
on salaries and the cost of living in different areas of
the province. See the section on labour market information
in this guide to learn more. Do not expect to find the same
job you currently have in your profession or trade as soon
as you arrive. The process of becoming qualified can take
time and money. Even if you are qualified, employers may
want you to have Canadian work experience. They will also
expect you to speak English or, in some cases, French. It
is usually necessary to find temporary work to pay your expenses.
One more very important thing - you are not allowed to work
in any job in Canada, including Ontario, unless you have
a Social Insurance Number (SIN). You should apply for a SIN
as soon as you arrive in Ontario. Applications are available
at Human Resource Centre Canada offices. See the guide Your
First Days in Ontario on the Settlement.Org web site
for more information about things you should do in the first
two weeks after you arrive.
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How
the Professions and Trades Work in Ontario
Regulatory and Licencing
Bodies
You will not be allowed to practise in some professions
and trades unless you have the required licence, certificate
or apprenticeship. These professions or trades
are governed by regulatory and licencing bodies or groups.
Some examples of professions that require a licence or certificate
are chartered accountant, engineer, nurse, and teacher. Visit
the Settlement.Org web site to read the article "Where
can I get information about how to work in my profession
in Ontario?"
The licencing process can be long and tedious. You may have
to pay for credential assessment, certification or examinations.
Find out as much about the process as you can and start to
prepare early, if possible, even before arriving in Ontario.
Check the web site of the regulatory and
licencing body for your profession - a list can be found here.
In some trades, you must be certified or work as an apprentice
before you can practise on your own. If you have enough work
experience to meet Ontario standards, you can take a written
examination and receive a Certificate of Qualification. Some
examples of trades that require certification are electrician,
hairstylist and plumber.
Be aware that some employers and unions may ask for a voluntary
Certificate of Qualification, even if the law does not require
it. Some examples of trades where certification is voluntary
are cook, painter and decorator, and printer.
If you work in a trade and do not have enough work experience,
you may be required to complete an apprenticeship. Apprentices
receive on-the-job training for a specific number of hours,
practise their skills in the workplace, and take courses
in theory at a college. Most trades require you to have the
equivalent of an Ontario Grade 12 education before you can
enter an apprenticeship program. You may also need to pass
an English-language test before you can take courses. See
below for information about getting your credentials assessed
and learning English.
Apprenticeship Offices - operated by the Ontario Ministry
of Training, Colleges and Universities - can help you obtain
recognition of your qualifications and experience or enter
an apprenticeship program. While the ministry oversees apprenticeship
in Ontario, it will not find you a placement. It is your
responsibility to find an employer willing to train you.
The Government of Canada has designated some trades as Red
Seal trades. If you work in one of these trades and get a
Red Seal certification, you can practise anywhere in Canada,
including Ontario. Some examples of Red Seal trades are carpenter,
cook and welder. You can find out more about the Red
Seal Program from Human Resources Development Canada.
Some professions and trades have no legal requirements regarding
who is allowed to practise. These professions and trades
are unregulated.
Even if your profession or trade is unregulated
you may still have to join the professional group for your
occupation. The group may be a professional or
trade association or, in some cases, a labour union. You
may be required to pay an annual fee or dues, prove your
skills, or take courses.
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Your First Steps
Get Your Credentials
Assessed
You need to find out if the qualifications you already have
are accepted in Ontario. If you have a degree or diploma
from a university or college, take the original document
to an international credentials assessment service. These
services determine what the Ontario or Canadian equivalency
is for your education and training.
Many regulatory bodies do their own credentials assessment
and may not accept a general assessment for the purpose of
the licencing or certification process. Before you spend
money and time in credentials assessment, make sure that
it will be useful for your purposes (work, licencing, or
further education and training).
If your documents are not in English (French may be accepted),
you will likely need to have them translated before any service
will assess them. Find out first from the regulatory body
or association which services they will accept as a translator
of your documents.
You may be asked to use a translator who has been accredited
by the Association
of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario. Translations
by non-accredited translation services may not be accepted.
If your training is in a technical or highly specialized
field, you may need to find a translator with specialized
knowledge. The cost of these services will vary.
Learn English
Most employers will require you to speak English. In some
areas of Ontario, you may also need to speak French. Depending
on your level of English, you may be eligible to take classes
through the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada
(LINC) program. Contact the nearest LINC Assessment Centre
to book an appointment for an English language assessment.
If you are not eligible for LINC, you can find other free
or low-cost classes in English as a Second Language (ESL)
or French as a Second Language (FSL) through school boards
and nonprofit organizations.
If your profession or trade requires you to take courses
at a university or college, you may need to pass the Test
of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Some institutions
may also accept the International English Language Testing
System (IELTS). You can find more information about TOEFL,
IELTS, and other tests such as the Test of Written English
(TWE) and the Test of Spoken English (TSE) on the Settlement.Org
web site. If you are a health professional you must take
the TSE. The TSE measures your ability to communicate orally
in English.
If you need to learn professional terminology to prepare
for licencing exams, check the web site of the Ontario Network
of Internationally Trained Professionals (ONIP.online) at www.onip.ca for
examples and exercises. Look under "Sector-specific
terminology."
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Your First Canadian
Job
Your first job in Ontario or anywhere in Canada may be a
temporary or "survival" job - one you take just
to pay the bills. But remember, this job can help you gain
the experience and skills you need to find work in your profession
and trade. A "survival" job may even be an entry-level
position in your field that will let you learn and prepare
to practise at a high professional level in the future.
If you are an engineer, an accountant, a teacher or a health
care worker, you can find information about temporary or "survival" jobs
in your profession through ONIP.online (www.onip.ca).
Job Search Tools
No matter what the type of work, you will need to use these
basic job search tools when looking for work in Ontario:
- an understanding of the application and interview process
and familiarity with job search words
- an up-to-date résumé (also known as Curriculum
Vitae or CV)
- a cover letter, customized for each job you apply for,
and,
- good interview skills.
For information on what your résumé should
say, visit the Possibilities Virtual Employment Resource
Centre (www.poss.ca). This
web site has a Résumé Toolkit and links to
basic résumé templates. The Possibilities web
site also has an article on writing cover letters and an
Interview Toolkit. This toolkit will tell you how to act
in an interview, what to bring and how to dress. The "Relevant
Employment" articles and sector-specific terminology
exercises on ONIP.online (www.onip.ca)
contain sample job postings, résumés and other
material to help you with your résumé and cover
letter. You can also find some useful information, tips,
and samples on the Settlement.Org web site.
Employment Programs
for Newcomers
There are programs for internationally trained people seeking
employment in Ontario. These employment programs for internationally
trained professionals and tradespersons show you how to use
job search tools, find the "hidden job market," prepare
for interviews, and negotiate salaries.
Work and job placement programs give you the opportunity
to gain experience in the workplace and learn new skills.
A few of these programs are specifically for internationally
trained professionals. They usually have workshops in a classroom
setting for a few weeks, and then participants have a work
placement with a local company. The placement is usually
an unpaid work experience.
Job Search Workshops (JSWs) are designed specifically for
newcomers. These workshops are three or four days long and
teach newcomers basic job search techniques, common behaviour
in the workplace, and how to find labour market information.
JSWs may be offered in languages other than English. Special
JSWs are sometimes held for people with international training
in specific professions and trades. They are offered by organizations
that have settlement services for newcomers.
You may also find other employment programs for newcomers
that have useful information and resources you can access.
All of these programs will introduce you to employment standards
in Ontario. It is important to know what your rights are
as a job seeker and a worker. You should be familiar with
the Ontario Human Rights Code, Canadian Human
Rights Act and the Employment Standards Act.
JSWs also offer advice on answering questions about residency,
Canadian work experience, marital status and age. You will
learn about bodies such as the Workplace
Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB), which promotes health
and safety in the workplace.
Visit the Settlement.Org web site and check the "Events" section
for upcoming information sessions on employment and employment
standards.
Other Employment Programs
You can also access many other employment programs that
are available to Ontario Job seekers, in general.
You can go to an Employment Resource Centre (ERC) in person
and ask them to help you with your résumé.
These are self-directed centres that provide job postings,
employment resource libraries, and free or low cost access
to computers and the Internet, telephones, fax machines and
photocopying.
You can search the Find Employment and Training Services directory, run by Employment Ontario.
Job Connect is a program offering walk-in service to people
looking for general employment resources or career education.
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Get the Job
You Want
Even a "survival" job gives you experience working
in Ontario and an opportunity to practise your language skills.
It also gives you time to find out more about your profession
or trade, job opportunities, and helps you to make connections
you will need to succeed.
Labour Market Information
To find the job you want, you must understand the value
of your skills in the current economy. Labour Market Information
(LMI) can help you determine this value. Some general sources
of LMI are Statistics
Canada and Human
Resources Development Canada.
Human Resources Development Canada produces Job Futures,
a publication about local and regional employment issues,
which includes statistics on the rate of employment, jobs
in demand in different areas of Ontario, and salaries.
You can also find LMI on specific occupations on the web
sites of regulatory or licencing bodies, and professional
or trade associations.
Company Research
Identify companies that hire people in your profession or
trade. When you apply for a job, find out as much as you
can about the employer. Know the names of people in the company,
when it started up and its products and services. Customize
your cover letter and résumé and prepare for
your interview based on your research. Your knowledge of
the company will also help you decide if the workplace is
a good fit for your skills and career goals. One important
thing to keep in mind is how far you will have to travel
or "commute" from home to your workplace. You can learn
more about researching companies in Ontario on the Settlement.Org
web site.
Networking
"Networking" is one of the most important things
you can do. To network means to meet people who can help
your job search or your future professional development.
You will need this skill to discover how things really work
in your profession or trade - where the jobs are, what skills
are in demand, which companies are good to work for, and
more.
Professional and Trade
Associations
Whether or not you are required to join, it is a good idea
to belong to a professional or trade association. These associations
give you opportunities to network, access job postings or
promote your services, and share best practices.
For more information, contact the appropriate association
or union.
Mentors
Finding a mentor is the best way to network. A mentor is
a person who works in your profession or trade who can introduce
you to people, offer advice during your job search, and tell
you things about working in Ontario that you might not learn
otherwise. You can meet with your mentor in person or keep
in touch by phone or e-mail.
If you know someone in your field, you can ask them to be
your mentor. You can also participate in a professional mentoring
program, where job seekers are matched up with mentors in
their fields. Two examples of online mentoring are the ONIP.online
web site (www.onip.ca)
and the JVS Toronto CanadaInfoNet.ca mentoring project (www.canadainfonet.org).
You can even access these programs before you arrive in Ontario.
Other ways to network include joining a community association
or interest group, taking a course, or doing an information
interview with someone who works in your field.
Volunteering
Another way to network and get some useful work experience
is to volunteer. Volunteering allows you to meet people and,
like a "survival" job, gain Canadian work experience
and practise your language skills. You can find volunteer
opportunities through your local Volunteer Centre or other
nonprofit organizations in your area.
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Education and
Training
If your profession or trade requires you to do additional
training - or if you decide to explore other opportunities
based on your new knowledge of the labour market - you will
need to find courses.
Some regulatory bodies or professional and trade associations
offer their own courses or partner with universities, colleges
or private training institutions to do so. For more information,
contact the appropriate regulatory body or association.
You may be able to take courses in the evenings or on weekends
through continuing and adult education programs. Universities,
colleges and school boards offer these programs. Many professionals
and tradespeople in Ontario take these courses as part of
a lifelong learning process.
You might also consult with your local Training Board to
find out more about training opportunities in your area.
If you decide to switch careers, vocational counselling
or vocational training programs can help you assess your
preferences, experience, and skills and find appropriate
training.
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Financial Assistance
Financial assistance may be available to help you obtain
training. In Toronto, the Maytree Foundation and Metro Credit
Union have an Immigrant Employment Loan Program. The program
provides loans to newcomers for short-term upgrading leading
to employment in their field. If you are taking a college
training program, you may be able to get scholarships or
bursaries to help pay for the cost of your studies. Ask the
college you want to attend for more information.
If you absolutely cannot find work and are in emergency
financial need, you may be eligible for social assistance.
If you have been sponsored, it is the responsibility of
your sponsor to assist you financially. If your sponsor is
unable to, you can apply for assistance at your local Ontario
Works office. Ontario
Works offices can provide minimal financial assistance
and direction towards employment.
If you have worked in Canada, you may also be eligible for Employment
Insurance. In order to be eligible for Employment Insurance,
you must first have worked and paid into the Employment
Insurance program for the required number of weeks in the
area where you live. If you are eligible for Employment
Insurance you should visit your local Employment Assessment
Centre. There you can plan a job search strategy, make
a training proposal to HRDC and be referred to employment
programs such as Job Finding Clubs. Job Finding Clubs offer
intensive three-week sessions that provide a supportive
environment for an intensive job search.
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Words You Should
Know
Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC)
LINC is an English language-training program for adult newcomers
to Canada. LINC Assessment Centres screen and refer eligible
newcomers to LINC classes in the community.
Apprenticeship
An apprenticeship is an on-the-job training period required
by most trades. As an apprentice you work with an expert
in your trade to learn your job while you prepare for licencing
or certification. The length of an apprenticeship varies
by trade.
Canadian work experience
Canadian work experience is on-the-job experience you have
had in a Canadian workplace. This experience shows that
you are familiar with the customs and procedures of a Canadian
Workplace and that you have experience working in English
and/or French. Employers also consider volunteer positions
and jobs not in your field as Canadian work experience.
Community Information Centres
Community Information Centres offer free and confidential
information about community, social, health and government
services.
Continuing and adult education
Continuing and adult education courses offer specific training
or skills. Universities, colleges, and school boards may
offer these courses. Some Adult Education Courses can be
taken separately or as part of a certificate program.
Cover letter
A cover letter is a typed letter stating your desire to apply
for a specific position. The letter should state your qualifications
for the position and offer some information about your
past experience and the value you will bring to the job.
The letter should not be longer than one page, and should
be submitted with your résumé.
Dues
Dues are monetary fees paid to a regulatory body, professional
or trade association, or union to cover the costs of the
services provided. Dues are usually a mandatory part of
membership in these organizations.
Employment programs
Employment programs for internationally trained people are
services that assist immigrants, refugees and other eligible
clients find a job. Services include job search, credential
assessment, professional development, and volunteer programs.
Employment Resource Centres (ERCs)
Employment Resource Centres provide assistance for
people looking for jobs, career direction or starting their
own business. They also provide job posting boards, résumé services
and computers, Internet and free or low-cost access to fax
machines and photocopiers for job seeking activities. Business
directories, job search materials, and labour market information
may also be available. Some ERCs offer résumé editing
services and short job search skills workshops.
Employment standards
Employment standards state your rights and responsibilities
as a worker in Ontario. Major standards you should be aware
of are, for example, the minimum wage you can be paid,
the vacation time you are allowed, and national and provincial
holidays.
English as a Second Language (ESL)
People who do not speak English as their first language can
take English as a Second Language or ESL classes.
International credentials assessment
International credentials assessment is the process of finding
Canadian equivalency for educational or occupational credentials.
There are organizations that, for a fee, will determine
the Canadian equivalent of the qualifications or credential
you obtained outside of Canada.
Job Connect
Job Connect is a program offering walk-in service to people
looking for general employment resources or career education.
Job Finding Clubs (JFCs)
JFCs are intensive three-week sessions that focus on how
to find a job in a particular community, skill-set or industry.
Job Search Workshops (JSWs)
Job Search Workshops are condensed three- or four-day workshops
for job ready newcomers who are legally entitled to work
in Canada. They focus on job search techniques, résumé preparation
and on accessing labour market information.
Labour market information
Labour market information includes statistics on rates of
employment, wages, popular sectors in the work force, jobs
in demand, and speculation on future growth.
Licence or certificate
A licence or certificate is a document that proves you have
the skills and training needed to perform your job in Ontario.
Mentors
A mentor is a knowledgeable and supportive person that you
respect who can oversee your career and offer guidance
and advice.
Network
To network is to meet people in your profession or trade
who can help you become familiar with companies that are
hiring and training opportunities. They can also let employers
know you are looking for work. This is a good way to access
positions that are not posted on job boards or in the newspaper.
Newcomer Information Centres (NICs)
NICs are resource centres that refer newcomers to appropriate
services in the community, including immigrant-serving
agencies and language training. The information is comprehensive,
up-to-date, and relevant to newcomers' needs.
Qualifications
Qualifications are the credentials, skills and experience
you will need to find employment in Ontario.
Red Seal trades
The Red Seal trades are trades that require a special certification
that will allow you to work across Canada.
Regulatory and licencing bodies
A regulatory or licencing body is an organization that oversees
a specific profession or trade. These bodies may grant
licences and certificates or organize training and examinations.
Members must usually pay dues.
Résumé
A résumé is a document listing your contact
information, past work experience and educational background.
In Canada a résumé should not include personal
information such as marital status or age.
Settlement services for newcomers
Settlement services assist immigrants, refugees and other
eligible clients with their immediate needs when settling
in Canada or with ongoing integration into Canadian society,
including immigration and sponsorship.
Social Insurance Number (SIN)
The Government of Canada gives every worker in Canada an
SIN. You must have an SIN to work in Canada.
Standards
Standards represent a level of acceptability regarding workplace
issues such as health, wages, or hours of work.
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).
TOEFL is a test used by schools to make sure you know enough
English to be able to take the classes they offer.
Training Boards
Training boards do labour market research, identify local
training needs, set priorities to address those needs,
and develop training plans.
Transferable skills
Transferable skills are skills that can be transferred from
one situation to the next. These skills can be learned
on the job or through other parts of your life including
hobbies, raising children or volunteering.
Universities and colleges
Universities and Colleges offer a higher level of learning
and career preparation to people who have received a high
school diploma or equivalent. These institutions award
degrees and diplomas
Unregulated
Unregulated professions and trades may not have a regulatory
group offering certification or giving licences. These
jobs are, however, still subject to the Employment Standards
Act.
Vocational counselling
Vocational counselling is career counselling that helps you
determine your employment preferences, experience, and
aptitudes.
Vocational training
Vocational training is education or training programs that
may include on-the-job-training or placement opportunities.
Voluntary
A voluntary job is a job or position you take without pay.
(See also Volunteerism)
Volunteerism
Volunteerism means to offer your time and skills to work
for a cause, charity or organization. This work is usually
unpaid.
Work and job placement programs
Work and job placement programs place people in the work
force for a period of time to give them Canadian work experience.
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